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Immutable

• final
• String
• enum
• Number
  • Integer
  • AtomicInteger
• Collections.unmodifiableXXX()

Exclusive Synchronization

• synchronized
• ReentrantLock

Unblocking Synchronization

• CAS
• AtomicInteger

ABA

Non-synchronization

• Stack Enclosure
  • Just use local variables and arguments
  • Independent with outer public resource
  • Reentrant code (pure code)
  • Just call reentrant code
• ThreadLocal

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